Stem Cells Essay - 1034 Words

Mesenchymal stem cells go on to develop into: connective tissue, like adipocytes, stromal cells or tenocytes; muscle tissues, from myoblasts into skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle types; cartilage, which is created when an osteochondral progenitor cell develops into a chondroblast then a chondrocyte; or bone tissue, which is also developed from an osteochondral progenitor cell, into an osteoblast, then an osteocyte. Hematopoietic stem cells are what create all the different components of blood. They develop into Myeloid Progenitor cells, which then go on to develop into erythroblasts (create erythrocytes, or red blood cells), megakaryoblasts (create megakaryocytes and thrombocytes, which are platelets), and also myeloblasts.†¦show more content†¦It then develops into a polychromatophilic normoblast. At this stage, the cytoplasm begins to create haemoglobin, changing the colour to dark grey-blue, and the chromatin in the nucleus becomes more condensed and knotted. Then, the nuclei completely shrink, forming a orthochromatic normoblast, which then develops into a reticulocyte, an immature red blood cell. Neutrophils Neutrophils are also created from myeloid Progenitor cells, but they then develop into myeloblasts, which create the three types of granulocyte, including neutrophils. Stem Cells in Medicine There are many potential benefits of stem cell research, however, there is a lot more intensive stem cell research that needs to be done to bridge the gap between the promise of stem cells and the actual reality of these uses. There are many areas of medicine where stem cells could be applied, and range from the development of new drugs, possibly for conditions that have no treatments or cures, to cell therapies, where stem cells are used to replace failing or damaged tissue. Together, cardiovascular diseases, such as heart disease, and cancers are the top two causes of death. Regenerative medicine, using stem cells, has the potential to be able to repair heart damage and perhaps improve cancer treatments. Heart Disease At the moment, the aim of heart disease research is to understand in better detail what is involved in heartShow MoreRelatedStem Cells Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pageshas provided us with a hope for these diseases. This essay will address the issue of controversial research in stem cells. This technology offers hope to millions who are victims of a multitude of diseases and disorders. It can be used to regrow limbs, create organs, attack genetic diseases, treat malfunctioning bladders, etc. However, this same technology is also one of the most controversial debates in science today. If you type â€Å"stem cells research† into your Google search bar, you will most likelyRead MoreStem Cells Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pages Stem cells are used every day throughout the United States to help cure diseases and save lives. Stem cells can also be used to study labor defects so that future birth deficiencies can be prevented or reversed. Although as a college student starting a family may not be on your mind yet, it is always beneficial to educate yourself on current trends and new discoveries in stem cell research. Andres Travino and his wife were excited when their son Andy was born ten years ago. Andy prayed and hopedRead MoreStem Cell Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesInduced Pluripotent Stem Cells and their use in Cardiac Regeneration Introduction Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Ischemic heart disease, where the oxygen supply to the myocardium is restricted, is a common cause of an MI. Myocardial injury results in loss of cardiomyocytes (cardiac muscle cells) due to apoptosis, and the development of necrotic myocardium, eventually leading to heart failure. The formation of the necrotic myocardium causesRead MoreStem Cell Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pagestreated with the use of embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of human embryo. In simpler terms, these cells have the ability of developing into any of the two hundred different cell types in our bodies. Unlike most of the cells in our bodies, such as heart cells or skin cells, which conduct a specific function, a stem cell does not have a specific function until it is specialized (Hogan). A stem cell that is becoming specialized willRead More Stem Cells Es say1128 Words   |  5 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cells â€Å"Embryonic stem cells...are in effect, a human self-repair kit,† (Christopher Reeve, activist – Larry King show). For the advancement of science, stem cells are infinitely valuable, especially when considering all the potential applications in the field of medicine. Stem cell usage is a very controversial topic, because most people think of abortions, cloning, and other negative topics when they hear the term stem cell. However I think those thoughts are because they don’tRead More Stem Cells Essay4600 Words   |  19 Pages Stem cells are a large focus of study in today’s biomedical world. They are cells that exist in an undifferentiated state, and transform into differing tissue types depending on what the cells surrounding them are. The different types of stem cells have the ability to repair many classes of damaged human tissue. However, only one type of stem cell promises to regenerate virtually any class of tissue. This is the highly controversial embryonic stem cell (ESC). Unfortunately, there is a dark sideRead MoreEssay on Stem Cells2760 Words   |  12 Pagesof the most recent advances in stem cell research. 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stem cells should be defined by their ability to renew themselves and diversify into other cell types. 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are several readily accessible sources of stem cells. Strict criteria apply to the use of these sources in medical research. 4.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stem cells have wide potential application in medicine. quot;Adultquot; stem cells have already been used in the worldsRead MoreStem Cell Research: The Benefits of Stem Cells Essay723 Words   |  3 Pagesextracted the adult stem cells from it and formed an osteoblast, which is a bone forming cell. Six months after the osteoblast was injected, it started forming new bone material which filled the gaps (NIH Stem Cells). Stem cells could be a genius way to treat many diseases and disorders and it should be supported by everyone. Stem cells get their name from the fact that they are basic cells that other cells develop from. They are capable of developing into a wide range of cells. Stem cells could potentiallyRead MoreEssay on Stem Cells2831 Words   |  12 Pages What is a stem cell? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stem cells have the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells. They are best described in the context of normal human development. Human development begins when a sperm fertilizes an egg and creates a single cell that has the potential to form an entire organism. This fertilized egg is totipotent, meaning that its potential is total. In the first hours after fertilization, this cell divides intoRead More Stem Cell Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagesothers. Research in the use of stem cells holds limitless possibilities in the medical field. Stem cells are the cells in our bodies that are in their primitive form. These cells have not yet become the type of cell they are destined to be, whether it be nervous tissue or another. However, even though stem cell research is a great new field, its progress is being limited by moral concerns and ethical questions. In order to let medicine reach its full potential, stem cell research should be legalized

Npm And Performance Management Related Literatures

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW â€Å"The NPM Model has focused on delivering market-inspired results and was primarily concerned with efficiency and performance.† (Jarrar and Schiuma, 2007) 2.1. INTRODUCTION Efficiency and performance become two key words for the reform that held by countries in the world. Started in the developed countries, namely United Kingdom and United States under their leader, Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan era, this doctrine then spread to Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Africa, Latin America and Asia. NPM spread and breadth expand globally. Inevitably, this so-called doctrine or paradigm is delivering market-based which one’s country like or dislike diffuse theirs governance in order to well implement it. This movement also inevitably followed as one of the pressure of country’s exogenous factors. The main purpose of this Chapter is to address NPM and Performance Management related literatures. First, the definition of NPM, its objectives and characteristic is clarified in Section 2.2.1. Section 2.3 expands on the explanation of NPM in developing countries. The Chapter progresses with elaborating Performance Management themes in Section 2.4 encompassing definition, essences and challenges, before concluding in Section 2.5. 2.2. NPM AND PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ISSUE This section pertains NPM and performance management issues, NPM definition, objectives and elements; how the performance management as main elements of NPM, relevancies ofShow MoreRelatedThe New Public Management ( Npm ) Essay3668 Words   |  15 Pages NPM is a reality. NPM has come to stay and as a conception it will continue to dominate as long as market remains our focus of attention. Inception New public management (NPM) is basically management techniques and practices come from private sector. Now it is a global phenomenon. NPM emphasizes actually on shifting the traditional public administration to new public management. The key elements of NPM including various forms of decentralization within the public sector, the creation of autonomousRead MoreNew Public Management Essay2564 Words   |  11 PagesNew Public Management Public sector reforms adopted in a number of countries such as USA, UK and New Zealand in the last fifteen years and characterised by efficiency units, performance management, contracting out, market type mechanisms, and agency status have come to be known as the New Public Management or NPM. Appearance of the NPM as shifting the paradigm from the old traditional model of administration has been promoted by a remarkable degree of consensus among the political leadership ofRead MoreComparative Analysis of Financial Performance of Public and Private Banks(Case Study)15686 Words   |  63 PagesCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BANKS [IN THE CASE OF SELECTED PRIVATE AND PUBLIC BANKS] A SENIOR ESSAY SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF BACHELOR OF ARTS DEGREE IN ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE. Prepared by: Ruth Alemayehu ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT, INFORMATICS AND ECONOMIC SCIENCE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND PUBLIC ADMINSTRATION DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTINGRead MoreThe Role Of Information And Communication Technology On The Performance Of An Organization Essay1973 Words   |  8 PagesVarious numbers of researches have been conducted on the relationships and impact of information and communication technology on the performance of an organization using different techniques of analysis, different countries and sector as well. This chapter presents numerous studies conducted on the subject matter, methods applied, period of coverage, country in which research carried out and the outcome obtained from the study. According to Langdon and Langdon, (2006) IT including computer basedRead MoreThe Impact of the Public Service Reform Programme on Human Resource Development11627 Words   |  47 Pagesgovernment was under performing. The poor performance of the Public Sector was eroding the confidence in the ability of government and state owned enterprises to provide the necessary goods and services. The financial performance of government services and enterprises was economically inefficient just as the operational performance was functionally ineffective. From the early 1970s, Zambia has experienced an outcry against, and criticism of the performance of the Public Sector with most of it beingRead MoreRatio Analysis for the Hospitality Industry- a Cross Sector Compa7085 Words   |  29 PagesJournal of Hospitality Financial Management The Professional Refereed Journal of the Association of Hospitality Financial Management Educators Volume 13 | Issue 1 Article 26 1-1-2005 Ratio Analysis for the Hospitality Industry: A cross Sector Comparison of Financial Trends in the Lodging, Restaurant, Airline and Amusement Sectors Woo Gon Kim Baker Ayoun Recommended Citation Kim, Woo Gon and Ayoun, Baker (2005) Ratio Analysis for the Hospitality Industry: A cross Sector Comparison ofRead MorePerformance-Analysis-of-Top-5-Banks-in-India13126 Words   |  53 PagesTable of content Chapter No. Content List of Tables List of Figures Executive summary Page No 1. Introduction Overview of Banking Objective of study Research methodology Limitation of study 2. Review of literature CAMELS Framework 3. Company profile HDFC BANK SBI AXIS BANK IDBI ICICI BANK 4. 5. Findings and conclusion Bibliography Email: - satishpgoyal@gmail.com PUNE 2010 1|Page List of Tables Table No. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Table Content Capital Adequacy ratio Earnings Per ShareRead MoreEvaluating Performance Of Commercial Banks10074 Words   |  41 PagesEVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN PAKISTAN: â€Å"AN APPLICATION OF CAMEL MODEL† Adnan Zaheer MB-F11-200025 Abdul Karim MB-F11-200023 Abdul Basit Ishaq MB-F11-200017 Sohail Ahmed MB-F11-200028 MBA-20A (2011-2014) ARMY PUBLIC COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES (APCOMS) KHADIM HUSSAIN ROAD RAWALPINDI AFFILIATED WITH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TAXILA Acknowledgement Essential and foremost, all praises for the Almighty Allah, the generousRead MoreOrigins And Developments Of Quality Assurance9850 Words   |  40 PagesCH3 Origins and Developments in Quality: QA, TQM in HEI 3.1 Introduction In this chapter the research questions and aims will be addressed through the existing research literature. The chapter discusses educational management and leadership, followed by the literature on Quality Assurance (QA), Total Quality Management (TQM) generally and internationally, including its birth and evolution. The pioneering gurus of TQM are presented. The chapter also discusses QA implementation, followed by commonRead MoreRole of Hr in Organization10279 Words   |  42 PagesFunction in the Modern Public Sector Continuity and Change: The Role of the HR Function in the Modern Public Sector ABSTRACT As the public sector has modernised and sought to become more efficient and cost-effective, the effective and strategic management of people has received increasing prominence and there have been calls for the HR function to play a more strategic role. However, not much is known about whether the role of the HR function has changed substantively. In this paper, we present empirical

Managing Diversity in South Africa free essay sample

Introduction In the workplace, diversity in terms of ethnicity, locality, education and skills, age, and gender exist. Managers or employers therefore require innovative ideas to successfully manage employees in the workplace. Diversity management is a relatively new field in the South African business environment. Managing employees and the work environment involves different aspects and is influenced by the internal environment such as in the mission, vision and goals of the organisation as well as the external environment. These aspects include areas where diversity management is important. Managers have various roles to carry out in an organisation in order to provide effective management and deal with the ethical issues. Factors such as changing structures and polices, providing diversity skills training, creating cross functional teams and employee network groups, building relationships, and providing complete managerial support are all factors that contribute towards effective diversity management. A successful diversity management approach must be more accommodating and more capable of promoting the diversity within an organization to bring everyone together and generate effective participation. This means that employees should be regarded as an organized whole that brings meaningful contributions from their social, political, economic, and geographical experiences. 2. Diversity Diversity can be defined as all the ways people differ, that is the different influences to approaching the workplace, communication between employees, satisfaction achieved from performance and identification in the workplace (Daft, Kendrick, amp; Vershinina, 2010). It is a commitment to distinguishing and appreciating the range of characteristics that make individuals unique in an atmosphere that supports and celebrates individual and collective achievement (Tennessee, 2003). Diversity â€Å"represents the multitude of individual differences and similarities that exist among people (Kreitner, 2001). According to Erasmus, diversity applies to all employees and does not only encompass certain differences but rather the entire spectrum of individual differences that make people unique. Therefore diversity cannot be viewed as only racial or religious differentiation but s all differences combined. The notion of diversity describes differences among people as well as similarities. The discipline of managing diversity requires that these two aspects are managed simultaneously. He further suggests that managers are expected to integrate the collective mixture of similarities and differences between workers into the organisation (Erasmus, 2007). Diver sity is more than being politically correct; it is about nurturing a culture that values individuals and their wide assortment of needs and contributions Diversity management is a moderately new field in the South African business environment. Diversity management is ensuring that the necessary factors are in place to provide for and to encourage the continuous development of diversity in the workplace, by incorporating actual and perceived differences to achieve the utmost efficiency (Bandyopadhyay, Hazra, amp; Goswami, 2007). Diversity management can also be defined as the commitment on the part of the organisations to recruit, retain, reward and promote a heterogeneous mix of productive, motivated and committed workers, including people of colour, whites, females and the disabled (Inancevich amp; Gilbert, 2000). The two areas where diversity management are particularly important include: * Workplace diversity. * Global diversity. Workplace diversity refers to the array of distinctions between people in an organisation. Some of the benefits of implementing workplace diversity are; increased adaptability which supplies a variety of solutions to problems in service, sourcing, and allocation of resources, various opinions which include ideas and experiences, and effectiveness in terms of employee performance to attain goals (Greenberg, 2005). Furthermore, enhanced use of employee capacity is encouraged. This involves competitive advantage over other organisations along with prospects and development of employees for retention purposes. Diversity initiatives retain a competitive advantage by improving employee confidence, decreasing interpersonal conflict, facilitating development in new markets and increasing creativity. It also includes the understanding of the marketplace in terms of the changing needs of consumers. Building workplace diversity will also result in the improved extent of understanding in leadership positions that encompasses a variety of skills. Better quality of team problem solving to bring in different perspectives resulting in creativity of ideas and solutions and lastly reduction of costs induce lower turnover, absenteeism and lawsuits (Daft, Kendrick, amp; Vershinina, 2010). Global diversity is more than just demographical factors (such as age, race, gender, ethnicity, disability and sexual orientation), it is about thinking, leadership, skills and style which integrates peoples differences to achieve all the goals planned and is acceptable universally, that is by breaking though barriers through globalisation (Dell, 2011). Globalisation refers to standardisation of products plan and marketing strategy throughout the world by assuming a homogeneous global market of consumers and industrial products (Daft, Kendrick, amp; Vershinina, 2010). A benefit of global diversity is broader services through customer satisfaction and product availability. By managing diversity, managers access a range of skills which the organisation has never had before and thus a broader array of individual strengths, experiences and perspectives. There is also a wider legitimacy and organisational image across a wider audience. Managers however should realise that managing diversity is fairly tough and cannot be implemented immediately. It is instead a long-term strategy in order to correct the imbalances in the workplace. 3. Mission, Vision and Goals A mission is defined as the organisations’ reason for existence. A mission statement is a broadly stated definition of the purpose of the company. Well designed mission statements can enhance employee motivation and organisational performance.

Housing Complex Refurbishment Project †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Housing Complex Refurbishment Project. Answer: Introduction The topic that has been chosen for the following project is housing complex refurbishment project. For making it safe for the people to live in the house, the walls will be renovated and the interiors will be redesigned. Some shops are attached on the ground floor and three residential towers (each five storeys) are present in the housing complex. The building needs renovation both in the exterior as well in the interiors as the building is very old. The project was thus proposed by the residents as well as the owner of the building who decided on recruiting contractors for refurbishing the building totally. The project will require several stakeholders and a good project plan is required. A suitable plan for the refurbishment of the house has been developed in the report as well as stakeholder analysis. Communication matrix and stakeholder matrix have been developed simultaneously. Project Plan: Stakeholder Analysis For any project, one of the most important part of it is stakeholder analysis which is utilized to understand the prospective individuals and the role that they will be playing in the project course. For the course of the project, it also helps to define the stakeholders designation. The project stakeholder management has a focal idea that proposes that the supervisors of the project should allocate and appoint duties to the stakeholders which will help them to show their commitment for the project. There lies another stakeholder management issue which shows that as the directors of the project has limited access to some resources of the project, the stakeholders of the project should take charge and manage the budget allocation as well as the entire payment of the project. Project Stakeholders Affected by Internal External Project Process Building Owner Shopkeepers in the Building of the Rental Shops Residents Neighbors Tax Office Municipal Corporation Nearby Clubs Contractor Project Result Residents Shopkeepers in the Building of the Rental Shops Families and friends of the residents Shop clients To determine the roles that will be played by the stakeholders, prioritization and stakeholder identification is necessary. The following matrix utilizes some elements which are external that may affect or may not affect the following project. As all the activities of the stakeholders can be summed up in a normal document table, they are very important aspects for any stakeholder table. The overall benefits and interests of the stakeholders are also determined by the matrix present in the project. Matrix for Stakeholder Prioritization and Identification Stakeholder Stakeholder Stakeholder Stakeholder What is Necessary Owner Residents Contractor Municipal Corporation Power Yes Yes No Yes Interest No Yes Yes No Influence Yes Yes Yes No Impact No Yes Yes No Urgency No Yes No No Legitimacy Yes No No Yes TOTAL Yes 3, No 3 Yes 5, No 1 Yes 3, No 3 Yes 2, No 4 Priority Medium High Medium Low Project Stakeholder Matrix is used to prepare management plan for stakeholder or the total project plan which is made on a particular topic. It is an advanced matrix that is usually used to determine the support strategy as well as the project interests which needs to be implemented during the project course. The stakeholder management needs that the organization wants to consider its position with the stakeholders as the details and corporate heading are set properly. The showcasing methodology needs to be strengthened to as well as the firm destination which would help it to be more successful. Advertisers will be able to take up procedures which would help them to make promoting system that incorporates all the issues and worries of the stakeholders. This can be done by making the advertiser consider who the different stakeholders are and how they are linked with the firm. Project Stakeholder Matrix Stakeholder Interest in Project Priority Support/Mitigation Strategy Building Owner Building Renovation Key Project authorization Residents Room renovation Key Prepare Possible Modifications list Shopkeepers for Attached Shops Shops renovation Key Preparing Possible Modifications list Contractor Renovation Process execution Key Project execution Municipal Corporation Earning money from License Grant Other Grant License in Exchange of Revenue Tax Office Earn Taxes from the Refurbishment Key Against Sufficient Tax, allow Project Residents Friends and Families Newly Furbished House visit Other Offer Ideas Shop customers Refurbished Shops visit Other Offer Ideas Decision Marking Guide of the Project The following table consists of the decision market guide of the project. This will assist managers of the project to assign duties of the project and determine the window of communication for the prospective stakeholders to discuss the solutions regarding the project. Project Decision Making Guide Person When Building Owner When the building becomes not suitable to reside Residents When room refurbishment is necessary Attached Shops shopkeepers When they will require to refurbish the shops Contractor project active, Contract signed Municipal Corporation Project active, submitted Permission request Tax Office During the entire project Friends and Families of residents During execution Shops customers During execution Stakeholder Engagement Matrix The level of determination in executing and managing the project by the stakeholders are analyzed by the following matrix. The matrix can also reveal information about those stakeholders who are trying to resist the project. Unaware Resistant Neutral Supportive Leading Building Owner C D Residents C D Attached Shops shopkeepers C D Contractor C D Municipal Corporation C D Tax Office C D Friends and Families of the residents C D Shops of the customers C D Communication Matrix For determining all the stakeholders that are linked to the project, the communication matrix is necessary. The matrix is useful for allocating all the duties that are necessary for carrying the project to the prospective stakeholders and helps to assort the project who are capable of running the project. The mode of communication which is used by every stakeholder related to the project are mentioned in the communication matrix. For demanding the changes and modifications related to the project, several modes of communication can be used such as verbal, financial reports and documented reports. Stakeholder Learn From Share With Timing Method Owner Building Owner Building Condition Damage / Condition details When Needed Self Inspection Self Residents Room Condition Detailed Condition Weekly Self Inspection Building Owner Shopkeepers for Attached Shops Shop Condition Detailed Condition Weekly Self Inspection Building Owner Contractor Requirements Project Requirements Daily Daily Meetings Lead of the project team Municipal Corporation Permissions and licenses Revenue Biweekly Financial Reports Building Owner Tax Office Taxation Policy Tax Monthly Financial Reports Building Owner Project Meeting Plan For holding a meeting among all the stakeholders for discussing the different topics, a project meeting plan is held in every week. Other topics such as extra requirements and progress of the project are also discussed. In the given table, a project meeting plan has been proposed. Project Team______________ Date_________ Time___________ Place_____________ Topic: Topic Person Time Review Agenda Residents 5 mins Summary Contractor 10 mins Meeting Evaluation Building Owner 5 mins + Buildings Refurbishment Interiors and Exteriors Improvement Expansion opportunity Budget Limitation High Taxation Rarity of Good Contractor Conclusion To conclude the report, for refurbishment of the residential housing complex a suitable project pan has been developed. Several aspects of the project management such as stakeholder management tables and matrices are discussed in the report which have assisted to identify the required stakeholders and allocate them duties related to the particular project. To classify and allocate duties to the stakeholders for achieving the project goals, the matrices have been utilized suitably. Bibliography Boud, D., Cohen, R. and Sampson, J. eds., 2014.Peer learning in higher education: Learning from and with each other. Routledge. Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Fleming, Q.W. and Koppelman, J.M., 2016. Earned value project management. Project Management Institute. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E.W. and Gray, C., 2013.Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Nicholas, J.M. and Steyn, H., 2017.Project management for engineering, business and technology. Taylor Francis. Phillips, J., 2013.PMP, Project Management Professional (Certification Study Guides). McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Turner, R. (2016).Gower handbook of project management. Routledge. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

Australias Air Quality essays

Australias Air Quality essays Australians consistently rank air pollution as a major environmental concern. The state of our air is an important factor in the quality of life of Australian cities. It affects the health of the community and directly influences the sustainability of our lifestyles and production methods. It is generally recognised that Australians spend 90% or more of their time indoors. Despite this, little research has been done on the quality of air in our homes, schools, recreational buildings, restaurants, public buildings, offices, or inside cars. Poor indoor air quality can result in significant adverse impacts on our health and environment. These impacts carry a significant cost to the economy. The CSIRO estimates that the cost of poor indoor air quality in Australia may be as high as $12 billion per year. In recent years, relative risk studies performed by the US EPA and its Science Advisory Board have consistently ranked indoor air pollution among the top five environmental risks to public health. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) defines indoor air as air within a building occupied for at least one hour by people of varying states of health. This can include the office, classroom, transport facility, shopping center, hospital and home. Indoor air quality can be defined as the whole of attributes of indoor air that affect a person's health and well being. A major concern with respect to indoor air quality is the use of gas cookers and unflued gas heaters. These two sources can often contribute a large percentage of the pollutants found in domestic buildings. Increasingly, as buildings have become better sealed from the external environment, pollutants being released from indoor sources are being found at higher concentrations. As a result of studies implicating unflued gas heaters in indoor air quality issues, unflued gas heaters are being...

Astronomy Final Essays

Astronomy Final Essays Astronomy Final Essay Astronomy Final Essay Number each question here according to its number in the Final Examination document provided by your instructor. 1. (a) Kepler’s 3rd law P^2 = a^3 (P = period in years; a = distance in AU) 75^2 = a^3 a = (75^2)^(1/3) = 17. 78 AU. (b) The further comets are from the sun, the slower they travel; therefore, it spends longer at the further distance. 2. (a) Star B is farther away. Its parallax is less. The closer a star is, the more its position changes against the background as the earth revolves around the sun. That is what parallax is. (b) 20 parsecs. One parsec = distance at which a star has a parallax of 1 arcsecond) Since this parallax is 1/20 as large, its distance is 20 times greater. (c) 65. 2 light years. (1 parsec = 3. 26 ly * 20) 3. (a) 10m would have the greater light gathering power (b) Both of the telescopes are in vacuum. The 10m one has area Pi r ^2, with r = 5m and the 2m one has r = 1. The ratio of Pi 5^2/Pi 1^2 = 25. Twenty-five times more light falls onto the l arge telescope. (c) The 10m telescope has a â€Å"Greater† light gathering power. (d) The factor would be about 25 times the light gathering power. e) Normally, light gathering power ratios are just the ratios of the areas. Due to the atmosphere on earth, there could be some absorption, however, since the wavelength is not specified, it wouldn’t hold true. Since the atmosphere acts like a gradient index lens, the amount of light that hits the earth telescope would have a very small increase thus refracting light towards the telescope. If there were no atmosphere, it would have continued at a larger angle and missed the telescope. 4. (a) d = 10,000 =100Mpc 100 (b) d = V d = 10,000 = 200Mpc H0 50 c) If universe is flat and composed mostly of matter, then the age of the Universe is 2 3H0 In the case of a very low density of matter the extrapolated age is larger. Age of universe = 1 H0 So the Universe is directly proportional to H0 5. Gx = GMm/r^2 G_new = GMm / (3r)^2 = GM m / 9r^2 (a) The force is 1/9 times (b) 9 times weaker 6. 15000/3000)^4 (a) The blue star is 625 times (b) more luminous Essay (Answer all nine Questions) Complete these answers in your own words. Follow instructions in the Final Examination document. Answer all questions according to the instructions. Number each question here according to its number in the Final Examination document provided by your instructor. 1. a. H-R Diagram A (Very Young Cluster) b. H-R Diagram D (Young Cluster) c. H-R Diagram B (Old Cluster) d. H-R Diagram C (Very Old Cluster) Similar to the sun, stars will spend a majority of their life on the main sequence. We can view this by looking at the H-R diagram, which shows a ‘dense concentration’ of stars along a constricted belt from the upper left to the lower right. The mass of the star determines where on the main sequence it is located and how soon the star will move away from the main sequence. The age of the cluster can be estimated by viewing a cluster of stars on the HR diagram in reference to where they end on the main sequence. 2. Seasonal variation of a planet depends on the frequency with which any given side of the planet changes its position with respect to the star. For a planet like Uranus, which has a high tilt (73 deg), the same side always faces the sun and hence its always summer on one side and winter on the other. Thus we can conclude that seasonal variation is directly related to the tilt of the planet. 3. a. Among the given planets, D has the minimum tilt – So the answer is D, which shows max seasonal variation. b. A planet will be geologically active if it has a high density, since that would assure wide variety of rocks and minerals and ores and less amount of hot gases; so among the planets, A has the highest density and is the most geologically active. 3. The younger surface would go to Moon A due to the fact that Moon B possesses many craters, which are clearly visible as the picture represents (this is clearly shown by the illuminated spots). Genesis shows that the craters were developed over time. Since moon A has far less craters, this means it was recently formed thus making it the younger moon. 4. a. The Hubble Expansion: As the distance increases, the apparent brightness of the object decreases meaning it becomes darker the farther away it gets. This technique determines the relative distances of similar objects. In addition, a phenomenon called the Doppler effect can be used to determine the velocity of an object. The sonic Doppler effect is caused by compression of sonic wave fronts, which can be generalized to electromagnetic radiation and other wavelike phenomena. The magnitude of an objects Doppler shift is a function of its radial velocity relative to the observer. Velocities of various objects, such as stars and galaxies, have been tabulated in our vicinity. An almost straight line with positive slope was obtained when the distance was plotted for various galaxies against their velocities. This shows us that the farther away an object is, the greater the velocity. This lends support to the Big Bang theoryif the universe does indeed expand in a manner consistent with the Big Bang model, then two objects that are close to each other should have smaller relative velocities than in comparison with distant objects. b. Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB): This is the result of theorized energetics, which was discovered in 1965 by Penzias and Wilson. Their discovery showed microwave radiation emanating from all directions in our observable locality of the universe. As predicted by the Big Bang Model, the universe is filled with plasma at high temperatures. As a result, hydrogen can only exit as plasma with an ambient temperature of about 3000K. c. Primordial abundance of light elements: This is the observed abundance of elements in the universe. Examinations through the spectra of various objects shows us that helium makes up about 23% of observable mass in the universe, which is entirely too large to be accounted for by stellar fusion. Since stellar nucleosynthesis makes the abundance of lighter nuclei hard to explain, the Big Bang model theorizes that the nuclei were created during the fierce explosion. . Due to the numerous negative effects on the body, human space travel remains physiologically difficult. Many of these affects are due to longs include: muscle atrophy, skeletal deterioration, slowing of cardiovascular functions, red blood cell production decrease, balance disorders, and weakening of the immune system. In addition, without the appropriate protection, space exposure becomes a sever threat due to the environmental diff erences between space and earth – especially the lack of oxygen and pressure. Interstellar space travel consists of many problems, which makes human travel extremely difficult – even in the future. One problem is the amount of fuel needed for long-duration flights. In addition, we have to worry about the damaging effects of galactic radiation. Also consider the loneliness and boredom of generations of humans spending their entire lives aboard a spacecraft. In order to get to the nearest star system beyond our Solar System (Alpha Centauri), we would have to travel 4. 3 ly with a constant flight velocity of 50 km/s; which is roughly about 25,000 years. Although that velocity would allow us to escape the Solar System, it would still take 250 centuries to reach our closest star system. It is very unlikely that humans will be able to equip themselves with the technology, at least anytime soon, to make contact with extraterrestrial life. Even if we took into account the many factors in the Drake equation, galactic civilizations are probably spread out like small islands throughout space. Even if the average lifetime of extraterrestrial civilizations is 1 million years, our most optimistic estimates suggest that each is separated by ~300 ly. Additionally, thousands of sorties would have to be launched toward candidate star systems for any hope of successful extraterrestrial contact. In summary, although it may never become feasible, interstellar space flight is both uneconomical and impractical now and anytime in the foreseeable future. 6. Galileo Galilei was a very influential astronomer because he defended his beliefs in a time when the Roman Inquisition was in power. Galileo defended his idea of heliocentrism against the Inquisition and was put on house arrest. This did not stop him from doing what he loved. While on house arrest, he made observations and continued his work. His contributions to astronomy include the discovery of three moons of Jupiter, the idea that the nature of each planet is unique, identification of sunspots, and his continued examinations of the Milky Way and sea tides. 7. As of March 23, 2012, 763 exoplanets (extrasolar) within our Milky Way have been discovered by satellites such as the Kepler. Consequently, these satellites have been flying through space, uncovering hundreds of new planets within our galaxy. Recently, two planets (Kepler 62e and 62f) have been discovered, which orbit a sun similar to ours but cooler. These planets are at just the right distance that allows water to remain liquid an essential must for a planet to support life. In addition, these planets are very similar to the size of Earth. Because of their size and orbits, it is highly likely that they are either rocky or watery. The two planets are located 1,200 light-years away in a five-planet system orbiting a star dubbed Kepler-62. 8. The milky is a flat disk surrounded by a halo with a bulge at the center. Within the disk, lay clouds of gas and dust that amount to around 15% of the mass of stars. Although we cannot see the nucleus due to all the scattered dust radio, infrared, and x-ray telescopes allow us to see through the dust and show us that the core contains a dense swarm of gas and stars and a massive black hole. A majority of the gas and dust clouds lie within the disk. In addition, bright stars gather into spiral arms winding in an outward direction. The location of our solar system is about 26,000 ly from the center, lying on the inner edge of the spiral arm. 9. D C B A

Product Liability Suit - The Case of Toyota Essay

Product Liability Suit - The Case of Toyota - Essay Example However, there are several reports of untoward incidents that are caused by safety-related defects of products. The failure of most companies to be responsible for their products resulted to product liability lawsuits. As a consequence, severe damage on the profit and sales can be experienced with a tainted reputation from the consumer perception. The case of Toyota Motor is an example of how product liability can make or break the success of a multinational company. This paper will examine the product liability suits of Toyota and their actions taken to face and mitigate the adverse effects of the staggering market complaints. Keywords: product liability, defects, Toyota, reengineering, Lean strategy Introduction With the continuous evolution of customer needs and satisfaction, quality and safety of products are becoming more diverse and demanding. The emphasis on quality products always goes hand-in-hand with customer safety and health. These are some of the deciding factors that m aintain customer loyalty, establish reputation and considerably reduce liability for the company. Our society is becoming more litigious and very particular with performance, reliability, durability, and other value added benefits. However, there are sheer number of cases where products resulted to untoward incidents like injury and death which drive most companies to bring product liability to the spotlight. It is imperative to all companies that the heaviest responsibility for their products in the market rest on their shoulders. Failing to meet this responsibility will obviously result to legal actions and even threaten the company’s existence in the long run. The liability of manufacturers of products for harms caused to consumers has great prominence mostly in United States. It has already resulted to thousands of liability cases filed annually including some class actions of millions of individuals as plaintiffs (Polinsky and Shavell, 2009). The case of Toyota Motors ha s shown the world how a successful multinational company can be devastated with product liability suit within several years. Toyota is facing the biggest recalls in its history after uncovering widespread problems with its vehicles. Before we directly examine the events that caused Toyota Motors to recall millions of cars in different countries, let us first take a look on the beginnings and success of the company until the major outbreak of customer dissatisfaction and lawsuits regarding the failure of their products. The History of Development and Innovations The beginnings of Toyota Motors Company can be traced back from its founder Kiichiro Toyoda in Aichi, Japan. Established in 1937, the Toyota was previously branded as Toyoda which literally means â€Å"fertile rice paddies† in Japanese. The new name represented a convenient break from associating the company with old-fashioned farming. The newly formed word was trademarked and the company was registered in August 1937 as the "Toyota Motor Company (Toyota Motors Company, 1988) The Toyota Global (2012) website indicated that April 1936, Toyoda’s first passenger car was the Toyoda Standard Sedan AA. From September 1947, Toyota’s cars were sold under the name â€Å"Toyopet†. In 1982, the Toyota Motor Company and Toyota Motor Sales merged into one company, the Toyota Motor

Failure on a Grand Scale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Failure on a Grand Scale - Essay Example Overall, the effort itself was a failure because of the way the objectives were carried out. Rampant corruption instilled enmity in the people unnecessarily, the focus on political rather than economic restructuring was vengeful as well as counterproductive, and the naivet of the new electorate set the stage for their unwitting participation in a process that would establish segregation and second-class citizenship for the next nine decades. Corruption. Under the methodology employed by the framers of Reconstruction, there were four demographic groups which emerged in the South: The white southerners, the Freedmen (former slaves), the Scalawags (southerners loyal to the North), and Carpetbaggers (Northerners who moved to the region) (Wikipedia 1). The white southerners were largely excluded from power by the military governors, and the Scalawags joined with the Carpetbaggers to restructure the governmental and economic systems. As in any case where there is absolute power and a vengeance mentality, exploitation became the norm. In the political processes, the Scalawags and Carpetbaggers engaged in collusion to reform every office from state governors to local commissioners. Using the power of the military and the consent of the new electorate, the entire area was destabilized to the point of requiring martial law for the majority of the period; and that didn't even stop the violence against both blacks and whites. In te rms of the economic corruption, the situation was even worse as the economic resources of the South were siphoned off into corporations run by Northerners. The Northern commercial interests formed links with their like-minded political associates and created, under color of law, one of the biggest lootings in history. Seeing the homeland violated by the Carpetbaggers and their corporate lackeys, the predictable response of the southern whites was anger, resentment, violence and, ultimately, institutional segregation. Political Focus. A second contributor to the failure of reconstruction was the fact that legislators in Washington chose to focus their attention on the political infrastructure of the states as well as the voting rights of the Freedmen. This approach reflected the political environment in the newly-reunited nation's capitol, where there was a power struggle between those who wanted a moderate implementation of Reconstruction and those who took a more radical view. The radicals won the fight handily, and the result was a political restructuring that disenfranchised almost every office holder in the South along with their former constituency. Rather than taking an economic development approach, which would have resulted in a stabilization of southern society, the top-down reformation only addressed the issue of who was in charge. Unfortunately, those newly elected officials were much more concerned with punishing the South than with transitioning it back into the Union. Had Congress u ndertaken policies of self-determination and economic development, Reconstruction might have succeeded in bringing the states back together without the socialized hatred between the southern whites and everyone else. Nave Electorate. A final consideration in the

Barclay bank Indian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Barclay bank Indian - Essay Example There are approximately 33 foreign banks in India. Barclays has been one among them. The report presented below tries to analyse the environment in which Barclays Bank India has been operating. Further, it tries to analyse the reason for Barclays’s success. It has been analysed that the main reason for Barclays Bank’s success in India has been its innovative strategies. The report tries to analyse the organisation by conducting the value chain analysis. In addition to this, the report further tries to explore the competitive stances of the organisation and evaluates its sustainability Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Overview 4 Section A 5 Analysis of Organisation Business Environment 5 Porter’s Five Forces Model 5 Industry Life Cycle 7 Key Reasons for Barclays’s Success 7 PEST Analysis 9 Section B 10 Value Chain Analysis 10 Competitive Stance 11 Scope and Scale 11 Evaluation of Sustainability 12 Critical Appraisal of Strategy 13 References 14 Bibliog raphy 16 Overview Barclays PLC can be considered as one of the leading financial firms of Britain catering to the needs of the customers by providing financial services. In India, the Barclays Bank is considered to be one of the most esteemed foreign banks that provide services to more than 9 lakh customers. The bank started serving the needs of the commercial customers from the year 2006 November onwards and aims at offering the premier banking services. In addition to the commercial customers, Barclays Bank in India also serves the needs of public sector companies, small and medium enterprises and multinationals (Maps of India, 2011). The management report of Barclays Bank India has been aimed at understanding and analysing the strategic situation of the firm. The report will begin with the analysis of organisation’s business environment and of industry survival and the success factors. The second section of the report will contain in-depth strategic analyses of the Barclay s Bank in India. Finally, the report will conclude with the decisive appraisal of the strategy. Section A Analysis of Organisation Business Environment Porter’s Five Forces Model According to Michael Porter, the five forces models tend to understand the level of competitiveness in the market and also affect the profitability of the firms that already exist in the industry. Threat of Substitute Products It has been analysed that although there are various foreign banks in India such as ABN AMRO Bank, American Express Bank, Citibank, Deutsche Bank, HSBC bank and Standard Chartered Bank, there are few features as well as products of which they can only be obtained from the Barclays Bank such as Hello Money, the country’s only 7-year personal loan scheme, premier banking services and NRI banking services. Thus, it can be revealed that this force is favourable to Barclays Bank in India. It, therefore, bears a positive sign. Bargaining Power of Suppliers It can be demonstrat ed that the core business of the banking industry can be considered as ‘service’ that mainly focuses upon the safety of the wealth. It has been evident from the case study that the bank has invested heavily to acquire the talented pool of workforce. In addition to this, the suppliers at the banking sectors are the providers of tangible goods such as cheque books, furniture and others. However, the impact of such tangible goods is not that significant. The provision of talent pool has an impact upon the operation. In context of

Effects of Maternal Neuroticism and Parent Stress

Effects of Maternal Neuroticism and Parent Stress The Influence of Maternal Neuroticism, Parenting Stress and Parental Practices on Children Anxiety and Emotional Dysregulation Introduction Child behavior problems in early childhood have significant research attention especially in development psychology in recent years. However, it is not found meaningful research explaining how behavior problems are affected by parental personality, parental stress and also child rearing practices. Creech (2009) argued that parenting only mediates the relationship between negative live events and child behavior problems. Belsky’s (1984) model is explained the determinants of parenting include parent and child characteristics, as well as parental stress and social support. According to his model; parental personality affects parents’s social relationship, work experiences and marital relations. These three factors is also important to explain parenting practices. However, personality is most important factor to affect parenting and also child rearing practices. It changes other social-contextual factors and forces that influence parenting. It is also stated parental stress and social support affect parenting and child behaviors. Moreover, he declared parental stress negatively affects parenting and child behaviors. The study will examine how maternal neuroticism personality and parental stress are related to children’s behaviors. Parenting practices will be contributor to explain how parental factors influence children social anxiety, emotional dysregulation and internalizing problems. The current study has several purposes. First, the study will examine how life event stress and parental personality affect children’s behavior problems. Secondly, childrearing practice will be investigated as a mediator to explain the effects on children’s behavior problems in the light of emotional dysregulation. Role of Maternal Neuroticism Personality and Maternal Stress Personality has been defined by a number of broad levels. H.J. Eysenck (1967) and Eysenck (1985) have proposed three factors of personality, included as extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism. Maternal personality is important role to maintain children’s negative or positive reactivity to novelty. One of them personality aspect is neuroticism can influence children behavioral inhibition. Eysenck is defined neuroticism as Bornstein, Hahn and Haynes (2011) emphasized that neuroticism reflects a proneness to psychological distress, unrealistic ideas, excessive cravings or urges, maladaptive coping responses, insecure, and vulnerable orientation to life. Morever; Costa and McCrae (1989) identify the â€Å"Big Five† traits which utilizes maternal personality and children’s behavior problems in most of research. Neuroticism is one of these five traits. It refers to how a person deals with stress and negative emotions. Ellenbogen Hodgins (2004) stated maternal neuroticism correlates to especially social withdrawal and internalizing behavior problems. Kurdek (2003) found that maternal neuroticism is related to child behavior problems. Moreover, It has been suggested that maternal neuroticism is associated with child inhibition (Belsky Barends, 2002). Metsà ¤pelto Pulkkinen (2003) are declared that parental personality is conduced to the development of parenting styles. Crnic Low (2002) are stated that maternal stress points out poorer outcomes in both the child and maternal parent fields. Researches indicate that parenting stress has seen as a risk factor for higher levels of child disruptive behavior problems (Barry, Dunlap, Cotten, Lockman, Wells, 2005; Podolski Nigg, 2001; Qi Kaiser, 2003) and maladaptive parenting practices (Calkins, Hungerford, Dedmon, 2004; Kazdin Whitley, 2003). Morgan, Robinson Aldrigde (2002) are stated that children externalizing problems and parenting stress is association with each other. Creech (2009) examined maternal characteristics, parenting behaviors, and child behavior problems in 27 mothers and their 2-year-old children. It is not found the relationships between maternal parental stress and child behavior problems, parenting behavior or childrearing attitudes. Additionally, mother’s neuroticism is not significantly related to any of the behavior problems. On the other hand, it was found that maternal neuroticism is related to traditional childrearing attitudes. It is know that increased parenting stress has been influenced on children disruptive behaviors problems (Barry, Dunlap, Cotten, Lockman, Wells, 2005; Podolski Nigg, 2001; Qi Kaiser, 2003) as well as maladaptive parenting practices (Calkins, Hungerford, Dedmon, 2004; see Kazdin Whitley, 2003). Williford, Calkins, and Keane (2007) are emphasized that stability of parenting stress was subjected to child externalizing problems and emotion regulation. Koshanska, Clark Goldman (1997) found that the construct of maternal â€Å"negative emotionally† was related to more child behavior problems and defiance. Creecha (2006) was found that higher maternal neuroticism was related more traditional childrearing attitudes. Crnic Low (2002) stated that children externalizing problems is seen as the result of parenting stress, but the directionality relationship is unclear. Fewer studies give little information about what shapes parenting stress and children outcomes. This current study will investigate how maternal neuroticism personality and continues stress are related to children’s behavior problems. Parenting rearing practices will be examined as a mediator of these behaviors. Although researches identifying parenting stress and personality affect child rearing practices, how these factors affects children outcomes is still unclear. Fewer studies have focused on understanding which factors influence on children emotional dysregulation, social withdrawal and also externalizing problems in terms of parenting stress and personality. Especially, in this domain, we chose to focus on neuroticism personality trait conceptually linked with the child behavior. Guided by the extant literature, we also focus maternal continues stress factor on neuroticism and also negative childrearing practices to explain how these maternal factors affect child behaviors with childrearing practices. We speculated that mothers who are more anxious may be more unlikely to exhibit warm and response parenting, like as rejected their children. Moreover, these children who rejected by their parents and they can show behavior problems in their development. Childrearing Practices It is know that personality is a part of parenting to play important role. It also reflects personality characteristics (Belsky, 1984; Kochanska, Clark, Goldman, 1997). Belsky’s model (1984) is defined three principal social-contextual social-contextual determinants of parenting. These are the parent’s personality and other personal psychological resources, the child’s individual characteristics, and contextual stresses and supports. Bornstein, Hahn and Haynes (2011) stated that personality is the most important between in these three factors because it affects parenting directly, alters other causal factors and also influence parenting. Indeed, Belsky (1984) asserted that parenting practices are largely a statement of a parent’s personality in childrearing. Guided by the extant literature, it is known that maternal personality, especially neuroticism is correlated with intrusiveness, irritability, criticism, negative discipline, hostility, and power assertion (Clark et al., 2000; Kashdan et al., 2004; Kochanska, Aksan, Nichols, 2003; Kochanska et al., 1997; Metsa ¨pelto Pulkkinen, 2003; Woodruff-Borden, Morrow, Bourland, Cambron, 2002). Bornstein, Hahn and Haynes (2011) are stated that personality has both theoretical and practical significance for understanding, predicting, and changing parenting cognitions and practices. Rothbart Bates (1998) explain that parent- child relationships and stressful live events influence children’s social and and psychological development We expected neurotic mothers to feel less authorized and less contented with their child rearing practices during maternity. Moreover, even though it is known that there is relationship between parental practices with child outcomes (Bugental Grusec, 2006), we have little information how it can be explained maternal personality and childrearing practice with stress factor. In the current study, we examined whether maternal personality and maternal continues stress factors moderated the relations between childrearing practices and children’s outcomes in childhood. Moreover, we expected parental personality to influence childrearing practices and childrearing practices are also affected by maternal stress factor. Finally, the role of child behavior problems in associations between maternal personality and parenting with stress factor was explained this current research. Child’s Emotional Dsyregulation and Behavior Problems Thompson (1994) defined as emotion regulation ‘‘the extrinsic and intrinsic processes responsible for monitoring, evaluating, and modifying emotional reactions, especially their intensive and temporal features, to accomplish one’s goals’’ (pp. 27-28) Lack of emotional regulation abilities or emotional dysregulation has a key role to affect internalizing and externalizing problems in child development (Cicchetti et al. 1995; Southam-Gerow and Kendall 2002; Suveg and Zeman 2004). It is known that children’s emotional dysregulation is mostly shaped by their social environments, especially family context (Thompson and Meyer 2007). Maccoby (1992), Reiss Price (1996), (Rothbart Bates, 1998) were stated that parenting and child characteristic explain the development of adjustment problems. Several studies have shown that child behaviors and characteristics predict parenting, especially negative parenting behaviors (Ge et al., 1996; Lytton, 1990; Caspi Moffit, 1995; Dumas Wekerle, 1995;). Moreover, it is known that temperament characteristics predict parenting behaviors. Guided by the extant literature, researches stated that infant and toddler period in child development negative affect or difficulty predicts maternal behaviors, such as conflict interactions, responsiveness and control (Bates, Pettit, Dodge, 1995; Braungart-Rieker, Garwood, Stifter, 1997; Campbell, 1979; Crockenberg Acredolo, 1983; Linn Horowitz, 1983; Maccoby, Snow, Jacklin, 1984; Malatesta, Grigoryev, Lamb, Albin, Culver, 1986; Van den Boom, 1989;). Kochanska et al. (2004) reported that child temperament predicted maternal behavior; however, in their study maternal personality factors predicted parenting after controlling for child temperament. Thus, if child effects are important to understanding maternal behavior, maternal personality predicts maternal parenting separately. To begin with, we hypothesized that maternal neuroticism personality would be associated with multiple indices of child behavior problems. Drawing upon previous research in this area, firstly we expected maternal neuroticism to be associated with maternal continues stress, and then relation with childrearing practices and also child temperament traits correlation with child behavior problems (e.g., internalizing and externalizing behavior and aggression behavior). Methods Participant Procedures and Measures Maternal Personality. Mothers filled in the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ, Eysenck and Eysenck, 1975). at child age 4. Inventory consists of 100 questions measuring extents of personality. The EPQ has three dimensions which are Psychoticism (P), Extraversion (E), Neuroticism (N) and Lie (L). Because of current research aim; only Neuroticism (N) subscale was examined. Parenting Practices. Each mother completed the Child-Rearing Practices Report Q-Sort (CRPR; Block, 1981) at child age 4. The CRPR includes 91 items which are describing childrearing attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors, written on individual cards. Child-Rearing Practices Report Q-Sort (CRPR; Block, 1981) has seven subscales which are indexes of acceptance, rejection, encouragement of achievement, encouragement of independence, punishment orientation, protection and concern were formed based both on previously published research (e.g., Block, 1981; Lin Fu, 1990). For this study it was analyzed on rejected subscales under our hypothesis. Maternal Stress. Recent Life Changes Questionnaire (RLCQ) (Miller Rahe, 1997) was completed by mothers when their children age 2 and 4. It is a 72 item measure of life-changes knowledge during a particular period of time. It has five subscales which was describing health, work, home and family, personal and social and financial. RLCQ was adapted from the Social Readjustment Scale which is created by created by Holmes and Rahe (1967) known as Life Change Units (LCU). It was applied to each item are related to the number of days usually needed to adjust to the new situation. All scores are totaled and computed as a stress factor in the recent life. Child Temperament. Child temperament was assessed with the Colorado Child Temperament Inventory (CCTI, Buss Plomin, 1984). Of particular interest were CCTI subscales of shyness (7 items, a = .87, e.g., ‘‘My child hovers near where other children are playing, without joining in†) and previously established procedures (e.g., Rubin et al., 1995), the emotionality and soothability (reversed) scales were combined to create an aggregate measure of child emotional dysregulation which were analyzed in this study. Children Outcomes. A parent report of child behaviors problems were obtained using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach 1991). Mothers completed and rated each item on a 3-point scale (0 = not true, 1 = somewhat true or sometimes true, 2 = very true or often true). The CBCL is a 109-item measure composed of several subscales including withdrawal, somatic complaints, anxiety/depression, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, internalizing, externalizing, and other problems. In this research, it was used aggressive behavior, internalizing and externalizing problems and withdrawal subscales for analyzing children outcomes. Results 3.1. Preliminary analyses 3.2. Intercorrelations among study variables Correlations between all study variables are presented in Table 2. Table 2 Correlations among study variables * p

The Four Topics Method of Analysis: A Pregnant Accident Victim Essay

The Four Topics Method of Analysis is a tool developed by clinical ethicists used to examine clinical encounters. This method provides a consistent, organized framework for gathering information regarding the encounter in order to perform analysis. The method is organized into four parts: Medical Indications, Patient Preferences, Quality of Life, and Contextual Features. We can organize information regarding this case study by using the Four Topics Method beginning with the Medical Indications. Maria, a 20-year-old female, has been involved in a motor vehicle accident. She has a history of Sickle Cell disease and is currently twenty-five weeks pregnant with her first child. Initially Maria presents with somewhat stable vital signs. She displays tachypnea, and complains of severe abdominal cramping as well as weakness, light-headedness and left shoulder pain. She is neurologically intact with lung sounds that are within defined parameters. Maria’s condition changes and she begins to display signs and symptoms of internal bleeding. This is a life threatening condition. The problem is critical and can be reversed with a transfusion and surgery. The goal of transfusion would be to replace blood loss and restore vascular volume and the goal of surgery would be to repair the bleed. If the bleed is corrected in a timely manner and without c omplication, the probabilities of success are somewhat high. There is no plan in place to account for therapeutic failure. Medical care in this instance could not only save the life of this patient but also that of her unborn child. Further harm to Maria and her baby could be avoided if she would agree to the treatment. The next area to consider is Patient Preferences. In th... ...s driven by non-maleficence, or the intent to â€Å"do no harm†. They know that withholding treatment for religious beliefs will potentially be fatal to both. While Maria is acting out of loyalty to her religious beliefs, the medical staff is acting out of loyalty to the patient’s well being and that of her unborn child. It would be unfair if no party were acting on behalf of that child. In conclusion, providers in this case must pursue every option in delivering life saving treatment for this child. This may involve legal action. If it were just Maria providers may attempt to influence her decision, but ultimately it would be up to her to refuse suggested treatment. Since her decision affects the life of the baby providers are called upon to save that child . Works Cited Unborn Victims of Violence Act, 10 and 18 U.S.C.  § 1841 et seq. (Cornell Law 2004).

Effects of globalization on Indian society Essay

In simple terms globalization Is the process of growing interconnectedness between various parts of the world. It is a process through which diverse world is unified into a single society. Globalization touches almost all spheres of human life; social, economic, political, cultural, environmental. Economic impact: Positive Impact: 1. Trade with other countries tremendously increased. Exports and imports boomed due to opening up of trade markets. 2. Global food chain / restaurants 3. Liberalization of Indian markets for foreign players. This has increased the inflow of men, money, material, labour, technology etc from foreign countries to India. 4. Markets expanded. Many of the Indian industries have global markets and India serves as a market for many foreign companies 5. Globalization is responsible for the growth of many industries in India and especially software industry. 6. Growth of MNC’s 7. Globalization has given nations greater access to global markets, technology, financial resources and quality services and skilled human resources. 8. Improvement in and greater access to quality goods and services and an exponential increase in the volume of trade. 9. Access to global capital resources via the stock market and international debt depending on the economic potential of nations and their markets. 10. Access to technologies depending on the nations responsiveness to respect to protection of IPR and the responsible usage of technologies. 11. Access to the world markets to the skilled human resources from nations with inherent intellectual and technical capabilities (the outsourcing of IT, Pharma, BPO and KPO work). 12. Increase in exports of goods and services in which nations have their respective competencies. 13. Increased the purchasing capability of the nation through the creation of a sizeable middle class which is hungry for quality goods and services while there coexists a large poor class whose time is yet to come. 14. Shifting of labour force from agricultural sector to industrial sector and thus reducing disguised employment in agricultural sector 15. High quality and low cost products  flooded Indian markets increasing consumers’ choices. 16. Growth of organized retail chain. 17. Just few years back in India land phone was a prestige symbol but now mobiles can be seen in the hands of many rich and poor people. 18. In agricultural sector new varieties of farm equipment, new agricultural practices, applications of biotechnology like drought resistant, pest resistant varieties etc are indirectly due to globalization. 19. Indian companies adopting international standards in the areas of accounting, inventory management, Human resource, marketing, customer relationship management practices etc. 20. Increase in flow of investments from developed countries to developing countries, which can be used for economic reconstruction. 21. India gained highly from the LPG model as its GDP increased to 9.7% in 2007-2008. 22. The free flow of Information both general and commercial. Negative impact: 1. Rich poor divide increased due to unequal distribution of wealth 2. Ethical responsibility of business diminished 3. Tribes are unable to integrate in the era of globalization and they are facing many problems due to industrial expansion like land alienation, loss of livelihood, displacement etc 4. High growth but problem of unemployment 5. Price hike and inflation of every daily usable commodities 6. Native traditional industries in India got badly affected as they are unable to compete with foreign players. 7. Government driven public sector units are in sale due to increased privatization 8. Growth in different sectors became uneven. 9. More inflow of money has aggravated the problem of corruption. Cultural impact: 1. Language: Positive impact: a. Many people in India became bilingual or multilingual than before. b. Prominence of English as a language increased and importance of many regional languages decreased. Negative impact: a. Some languages got extinct. b. Traditional knowledge that is expressed in the languages that are becoming extinct is getting unutilized. Many patents are filed internationally which is already mentioned in our traditional literature. 2. Music, dance, entertainment: Positive impact: a. Many foreign musical instruments flooded Indian market. b. Foreign movies became widely available in Indian markets. c. Indian classical music has gained worldwide recognition d. Fusing western music with Indian traditional music is encouraged among musicians. e. Many foreigners are learning Indian dance forms like Bharatanatyam while many Indians are getting attracted to foreign dance forms like salsa, hip-hop etc. Negative impact: a. The penetration of global pop music has marginalized the traditional Indian music. b. There is an increase in tendency of playing western songs and pop music during marriage functions, birthday celebrations, engagements etc. c. Folk and tribal music is nearly extinct. Government is taking steps to preserve it. d. One can see in India that inhibitions have been diluted because of the advent of media and the medium of entertainment. This has also naturally had some affect on the old cultural values with the focus now being on consumerism and success. 3. Food and Dress: Positive impact: a. Many dresses of foreign brands are available in Indian local markets. Dressing style, costumes, etc of Indians changed due to globalization b. Male and female dresses distinction is getting blurred. c. Food and dress habits are internationalized d. Pizzas, burgers, Chinese foods, and other western foods have become quite popular. e. Fusion of Indo western clothing is the latest trend. Ex: wearing western jeans and Indian pyjama or kurtha. f. A distinct change in life-styles with rapid adaptation to worldwide trends Negative impact: a. Our traditional food and dress habits are getting changed generation after generation b. Due to intake of western and fast foods there is a threat of non communicable diseases like obesity, hyper tension, cardio vascular diseases etc. 4. Religion: Positive impact: a. India is birth place of different religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism etc. Due to globalization new religions like Christianity entered India and have multi dimensional impact on the culture of India. Negative impact: a. Conversions to Christianity increased by the financial and institutional support of western players. 5. Festivals: Positive impact: a. Western festivals like valantines day, friendship day etc are spreading across India. Negative impact: a. Importance of our traditional native festivals getting decreased. b. Sacred component in our religious festivals is getting decreased and there is increase of secular component in the form of social gatherings during festivals. 6. There is increase in interaction between people of different countries leading to admixture of cultures. 7. Nations have built greater awareness of themselves and the other countries and cultures of the world. India is not an exception Social impact: 1. Marriage: Positive impact: a. Love marriages increased and thus parents preference for children wishes increased. b. Inter religious and inter caste marriages increased and thus caste rigidities and inequalities getting reduced. Negative impact: a. Divorce rate increased b. Marriage changed from religious sacrament to civil contract. c. Unmarried boys and girls are sharing same apartment and staying away from their parents. Thus without marriage live-in relationships are happening in India 2. Family: Positive impact: a. Previously all the members of the family did the same type of work but after globalization the same family has adapted different types of work depending upon availability and their economic benefits. b. As husband and wife are employed in most of the cases the child care is taken by day care centers or crà ¨ches. c. Family controls on children are getting weekend and children wishes are seldom ignored d. Social gatherings are getting increased than religious gatherings. Negative impact: a. Nuclear families increased at the expense of joint families b. Family ceased to be a unit of production. c. The voice and decision of elders in the family matters decreased. 3. Education: Positive impact: a. Foreign universities tie up with Indian universities increased. b. Literacy rate increased c. Scientific and technological innovations have made life comfortable, pleasant and enjoyable. d. Extension of internet facilities to rural areas and thus increasing awareness in rural youth. e. Increased access to better and qualitative education. f. The choices for the children increased as there are many streams in education to pursue. g. Extensive use of information communication technology. Negative impact: a. Education became commercialized b. Pressure on children increased by parents, teachers, peers to get succeed in education which is essential to compete in this globalized world c. Education is measured in the number of degrees a person holds rather than the useful knowledge he gained. 4. Society: Positive impact: a. People shifting from unorganized sector to organized sector b. Distinction between polluting and non polluting castes getting weakened. c. Social taboos are getting weakened d. Caste based occupations are getting converted to merit based occupations. Negative impact: a. Rural, urban divide increased b. Migration of people from rural areas to urban areas due to urbanization c. Due to extreme mechanization demand for manual labour is decreasing day by day. This leads to increase in unemployment Political impact: Positive impact: a. Awareness about the right to vote increased b. Opinion forming in many political issues increased with the help of ICT. c. International obligations creating pressures on domestic political system. d. India say in international matters increased e. Financial support from international organizations to India became possible due to globalization Negative impact: a. Politico-bureaucracy-industrial nexus increased which is affecting badly the common man b. Criminalization of politics and politicization of criminals increased c. Organized crime with political support increased Environmental impact: Positive impact: a. Awareness and concern about environmental problems increased b. Technology and financial support from international organizations to combat climate change Negative impact: a. Excessive emission of green house gases which leads to climate change and global warming b. Land degradation due to excessive use of chemical fertilizers c. Degradation of ozone layer due to release of ozone depleting substances like chloro floro carbons (CFCs) d. Excessive mining and deforestation caused displacement of millions of people without proper rehabilitation and resettlement provisions. References: 1. www.daldrup.org/University 2. www.cpim.org/content/globalisation-impact-indian-society‎ 3. http://www.academia.edu/964379/GLOBALISATION_AND_ITS_POSITIVE_IMPACT_ON_INDIAN_AGRICULTURE V.V.N Pavan Kumar

Free Essays on Great Expectations Essay

One of the most prominent themes in Great Expectations was that a person’s worth lies in the goodness of his heart or the, content of his character, rather than in his wealth or social status. Dickens clearly makes this true throughout each of Pip’s expectations. In Pip’s first great expectation, Dickens makes it evident that the young ignorant Pip was truly happy and was a great person. During Pip’s second expectation, it is easily deduced that even when Pip had money he was still a kind and caring person. Lastly, in Pip’s third expectation, he encounters a truly humbling experience and learns that others too can be kind or cruel regardless of social status. Henry David Thoreau once said, â€Å"Money is not required to buy one necessity of the soul.† This statement is very true in Great Expectations. In the beginning of the story, Pip was not wealthy. However, this young boy was happy (as well as naà ¯ve). He had a good heat and was caring. Being naà ¯ve was probably the source of his happiness and kindness though. Before Estella and wealth â€Å"brainwashed† Pip, he was a happy, carefree boy. Afterwards, he was miserable and cruel to his real â€Å"family†, Biddy and Joe. An allusion corresponding to this instance would be â€Å"Adam and Eve†. Before they partook of the fruit of knowledge, they were happy living in the Garden of Eden. After they lost their ignorance they became miserable and had to leave their paradise. Pip was truly happy and wealthy (in friends and family) before he had ever considered becoming a gentleman. Once Pip started to receive money and was considered wealthy, he was still a good person. However, Estella’s influence and his want to â€Å"fit-in† with the upper-class made him treat Joe and Biddy as Estella had treated him (like an incoherent moron who didn’t deserve respect). Pip was still sensitive though. He had remorse for how he treated Joe and often wanted to go visit him. Pip also was a very ... Free Essays on Great Expectations Essay Free Essays on Great Expectations Essay One of the most prominent themes in Great Expectations was that a person’s worth lies in the goodness of his heart or the, content of his character, rather than in his wealth or social status. Dickens clearly makes this true throughout each of Pip’s expectations. In Pip’s first great expectation, Dickens makes it evident that the young ignorant Pip was truly happy and was a great person. During Pip’s second expectation, it is easily deduced that even when Pip had money he was still a kind and caring person. Lastly, in Pip’s third expectation, he encounters a truly humbling experience and learns that others too can be kind or cruel regardless of social status. Henry David Thoreau once said, â€Å"Money is not required to buy one necessity of the soul.† This statement is very true in Great Expectations. In the beginning of the story, Pip was not wealthy. However, this young boy was happy (as well as naà ¯ve). He had a good heat and was caring. Being naà ¯ve was probably the source of his happiness and kindness though. Before Estella and wealth â€Å"brainwashed† Pip, he was a happy, carefree boy. Afterwards, he was miserable and cruel to his real â€Å"family†, Biddy and Joe. An allusion corresponding to this instance would be â€Å"Adam and Eve†. Before they partook of the fruit of knowledge, they were happy living in the Garden of Eden. After they lost their ignorance they became miserable and had to leave their paradise. Pip was truly happy and wealthy (in friends and family) before he had ever considered becoming a gentleman. Once Pip started to receive money and was considered wealthy, he was still a good person. However, Estella’s influence and his want to â€Å"fit-in† with the upper-class made him treat Joe and Biddy as Estella had treated him (like an incoherent moron who didn’t deserve respect). Pip was still sensitive though. He had remorse for how he treated Joe and often wanted to go visit him. Pip also was a very ...

buy custom General Introduction to the Case essay

buy custom General Introduction to the Case essay The case involves Carol Howes, who is a Warden of the Lakeland Correctional Facility in Michigan as the petitioner. Randall Fields who is a prisoner at the Lakeland Correctional Facility is the respondent. Randall Fields is sentenced to imprisonment for ten to fifteen years. He is serving the sentence under state convictions for criminal sexual conduct of the third degree. According to the petition side of the case, two sheriffs deputies removed Randall Fields from his cell without advice on his Miranda rights. However, Fields was informed that he was at liberty to leave if he was not willing to continue with the interrogation. Nonetheless, the respondent did not leave or ask to be escorted back to the cell. The petitioner argues that a bright-line Miranda rule that was applied in this case gives convicted criminals more rights even than ordinary citizens (American Bar Association 12). The petitioner further asserts that the Court should endorse Miranda context-specific test especially where prisoners are involved and thus should revert the new bright-line approach of the Sixth Circuit. According to the respondent side of the case, Fields Miranda rights were violated since he was not duly instructed of these rights before the interrogation and removal from the jail as is legally expected. Although he was informed of his liberty to leave if he was not willing to continue with the interrogation, there was actually no one to escort him back to the cell since he was not familiar with the building. Randall Fields had no alternative but to sit and continue with the interrogation since there was no one to escort him back to the cell. Therefore, whereas he was at liberty to leave, this was not absolutely guaranteed. This is contrary to the provisions of the Fifth Amendment law that guarantees the application of the bright-line test in relation to cases involving custodial interrogations (American Bar Association 18). The Supreme Court law also requires that Miranda rights be given to an inmate removed from prison population for interrogation outside the prison and where the officers involved are unaffiliated with the prison (American Bar Association 18). The case requires the Supreme Court to determine the applicability of Miranda rights rules and whether or not Fields was entitled to these rights during his interrogation away from the general prison population. It also involves determination of whether or not the Fifth Amendment law absolutely applies where custodial interrogations are involved (American Bar Association 12). The Supreme Court is thus to determine whether, in line with the Fifth Amendment law and the bright-line Miranda principle, Fields rights were actually violated during the interrogation away from the prison population. Ideological issues in the Case The liberal side of this case would support Fields on grounds that he was not informed of his Miranda rights even as he was being removed from the general prison population for interrogation in the conference room in unusually odd hour. Although he was informed that he had the option of leaving back to the jail, one of the deputies admittedly testified that thedefendant was not escorted back to the cell (Dominguez 2011). The liberal side would thus support the respondent and base their decision on the grounds that his rights as provided for in the Fifth Amendment law and the bright-line test approach to Miranda warnings were violated. The conservative side would favor Carol Howes, the petitioner by resorting to the provisions of Mathis (American Bar Association 10). The conservatives would endorse Miranda context-specific test approach in this case. Hemmes et al (550) posits that this provision holds that Miranda rights are applicable but do not expressly establish that such individuals in custody be automatically entitled to Miranda warnings every time they are to be interrogated away from the general prison population (Brody and Acker 245). Supreme Courts Possible Ruling Generally, the Court would adopt a liberal decision in its ruling. This decision is influenced by the provision of the Fifth Amendment and the application of the bright-line test approach to Miranda rights. Further, the Supreme Court law provides that Miranda rights be given to any inmate removed from prison population for interrogation on occurrences outside the prison and where the officers involved are unaffiliated with the prison (American Bar Association 18). This right was violated by the petitioner. This explains why the decision is likely to be liberal and in favor of the respondent. Personal Opinion about the Case In the petition case involving Carol Howes and Randall Fields, I would rule in favor of the respondent. This is because the Sixth Circuits Mathis provides that Miranda warnings must be issued whenever a law enforcement officer removes any inmate from the general population for any custodial interrogations (Dominguez 2011). Fields was not entitled to the Miranda rights at the time of his removal from the jail. Precedent and Impact of the Case The precedent in this case is founded on the general provisions for Miranda rights. In the case of Oregon and Mathiason, 429 U.S. 494 (1977), the court considering Mathis, decided that Miranda principle is absolutely applicable based on the bright-line approach in the contexts where interrogation of a prisoner takes place in a setting away from the prison population (American Bar Association 21). In Oregon versus Mathiason, the Court decisively stated that Miranda rights are very applicable where there is restriction on a prisoners freedom and where the interrogation is coercive. This was the same in the case of Fields versus Howes. In this respect, the role of stare decisis will be very critical in the Supreme Courts decision in this case. The Court will also rely on the results of the precedent case involving Rhodes Island versus Innis, 446 U.S. 291, 301 (1980). In this case, the Court was to decide on a matter where there was dispute between application of bright-line test principle and the contextual test approach to Miranda provisions (Hemmes et al 550). In this case the Court decided that the coerciveness of the interrogation environment is a separate question from the matter involving custody. Therrefore, where the prisoner is already in custody, the bright-line approach to Miranda is applicable in line with the provisions of the Fifth Amendment law that the Supreme Court refers to in cases of a similar nature (Brody and Acker 245-246). Considering the precedent and evaluating the impact of this case, United States versus Menzer of 1994 could be used as a reference. In this case, the officers that were doing the interrogations worked hard to ensure that the interrogations were as non-coercive as possible. The inmate was also given the option to decide whether or not he wanted to meet the officers for interrogations (Brody and Acker 245-246). This is why the Court ruled in favor of the petitioner. On the contrary Fields was not granted this right. His interrogation was openly coercive. This explains why the Supreme Court must not go on the contrary in consideration of the precedent cases and the stare decisis. The precedent cases and the role of stare decisis would be very critical in determining the outcome of this case. This is because in principle, the Supreme Court does not contradict itself. The provision of Sixth Circuit that holds that routine questioning does not require advice on the rights would thus be ignored in this case (American Bar Association 32). Instead, the Court would refer to Mathis and the Fifth Amendment law as the controlling precedent in this case. The outcome of this case would be very critical especially in terms of setting precedence for the future cases involving interrogation of prisoners and where the Miranda warning provisions are involved. Besides, it will be very significant especially considering the fact that bright-line and Miranda context-specific test approaches have been crowded by differences in interpretation in the lower Courts. The decision of the Supreme Court in Fields versus Howes would thus be used as a referent case to guide future rulings in cases involving rights of prisoners that are being interrogated away from the general prison population. Relevance of the Case to Class Learning Context The case is very relevant to the course content as it involves determination of violation of Miranda rights or the absence of the same. It is further interesting to explore how this connects with the provisions of the Fifth Amendment law that guides cases involving custodial interrogations. The Fifth Amendment law reinforces the bright-line test and Miranda principles as it relates to custodial interrogations. Therefore, proper considerations must be made so as to help a person understand and exploit all the privileges that the case settings provide. Fields was not guaranteed this right and privilege during his interrogation. The Fifth Amendment law also provides that the defendant in a custodial case be made aware of the right to remain silent in the interrogation process. This is quite contextual in this case especially considering that Randall Fields was not absolutely given this right. This is despite the fact the Fifth Amendment and the provision of Miranda warning and rights safeguards his rights since he is in legal custody until he has fully served his ten to fifteen year sentence. Buy custom General Introduction to the Case essay

Case write up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case write up - Essay Example Key forces that affected FreshDirect are low entrant threat, powerful ability of buyers to force prices down, low bargaining power of suppliers, limited threat of substitute products and low intense rivalry. In addition, it has been affected by internet and other digital technology. The company use JIT production strategy to reduce in-process inventory and other costs, good supply chain management which provides direct link with producers, and total quality management system that scans quality. In addition, it has an appealing website that attracts more customers by providing complete information. It has a rating system that depicts the quality of each item. All of these ensure that the company offers low prices, has brand loyalty, profiles their customers, and has a fully organized system and steady expansion strategy thereby having a competitive advantage over their rivals. FreshDirect competed by making more order varieties that attract new customers and makes the loyal. They are highly innovative and are ahead of their competitors. They eliminated middlemen thus easily accessing suppliers and this has reduces overhead and personnel costs. Finally, they stock the right amount of products and have forced the prices to be low. FreshDirect may use strategies such as joint ventures, franchising and differentiation to craft a competitive advantage. It will be able to increase its values and market shares by making unique products. It can use innovation and corporate entrepreneurship to implement such

Careers Service In The New Quasi-Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Careers Service In The New Quasi-Market - Essay Example Within this context, the growth of the new Connexions Service is seriously examined. It is argued that it contains basic design flaws, from which a number of troubles have stemmed. It is concluded that while career direction has an imperative involvement to make in strategies to address communal exclusion, this ought to be secondary to its role in supporting individual sequence and growth inside the societal structures to which addition is being sought (Watts, A.G. 1981, 24-35). This study highlights the models of career management practice for adolescent people in the UK have been built on a partnership among, on the one hand, stipulation made within schools and colleges, and on the other, the exterior role provided by the Careers Service, now the Connexions Service. Lots of countries have had only one of these forms of stipulation. We have had the merits of both, by the characteristic advantages that every of them brings. Furthermore, this study challenge in the UK is to build on this model, to expand a authentically all-age career management service. This is not going backwards: it is driving towards a up-to-the-minute future, building on all that we have achieved. No doubt, In Scotland and Wales, this is what they are doing. In England, we were perched to do so too. In the OECD Career management policy assessment, the UK emerged as one of the world-leaders. But in England, we are at danger of conceding this position by throwing away one of the interior strengths of our system. And we are doing it so not by plan, but by default (Roberts, K. 1971). The enterprise model is still in process. But it has been considerably eroded. Now, with the long-delayed publication of the adolescence Matters Green Paper and the End to End Review of Careers learning and management, it is gravely at risk. From a career guidance viewpoint, the key features of the Green Paper are eight-fold: - Career management is subsumed inside a general concept of 'information, suggestion and direction' (IAG), which covers choices relating not only to learning and work but also to spare time, health, dealings, smoking, alcohol and drugs. - A clear difference is drawn among 'universal IAG' and 'targeted support'. - The main liability for 'universal IAG' is allocated, via local authorities, to schools and colleges, in teamwork through children's trusts. - There is support for schools and colleges to agree limited arrangements on a joint basis; but they will reserve the right to make their own preparations, subject to meeting excellence standards (Andrews, D. 2000). - Moreover, schools/colleges and children's trusts can, if they wish, pay money for in services from Connexions or further providers. - Connexions are efficiently to vanish as a national service, although a few local services will remain, and local authorities are confident to hold the Connexions brand. - Consideration is to be specified to new arrangements for